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8 THE FORD M A N U A L
Is it advisable for owners to make their own Adjustments?
The Ford is the simplest of all cars. Most of the ordinary adjustments an owner
will soon learn to make for himself. But we must strongly recommend that when
it becomes necessary to employ the services of a mechanic, the car be taken to
a Ford mechanic—one of our o in representatives who thoroughly understands the
car—and who will have no motive for running up useless repair bills. The entire
Ford organization is interested in keeping every individual Ford car in constant
operation, at the lowest possible cost. We have known of much damage done to
many cars by unskilled repair men.
What attention
does the Car need?
Remember that a new machine requires more careful attention during the first
few days it is being driven than after the parts have become thoroughly "worked
in." The car which is driven slowly and carefully when new usually gives
the most satisfactory service in the end. Never start out with your car until
you are sure that it has plenty of oil, water and fuel. Frequently inspect
the running gear. See that no unnecessary play exists in either front or rear
wheels, and that all bolts and nuts are tight. Make a practice of taking care
of every repair or adjustment as soon as its necessity is discovered. This
attention requires but little time and may avoid delay or possible accident
on the road. We aim to deliver the car in proper mechanical adjustment. Afterwards
it is plainly the duty of the driver to keep it in that condition.
The Ford Engine
What is the principle of the
gasoline-driven Engine? Answer No. 18
Gasoline when mixed with air and compressed is highly explosive. An explosion
is a violent expansion caused by instantaneous combustion of confined gases.
In the gasoline engine the mixture is drawn into a cylinder, where it is compressed
by an advancing piston and then exploded by an electric spark, which sends
the piston downward, and through the connecting rod imparts a rotary motion
to the crankshaft. (See Cut No. 2.)
What are functions of the Pistons?
On the downward stroke the suction of the piston draws the fresh gas from the
carburetor, through the inlet pipe and valve, into the cylinder. The upward
movement of the piston compresses the gas into a very small space, between
the top of the piston and the depression in the cylinder head, known as the "combustion
chamber." (The compressed gases exert a pressure of approximately 60 pounds
per square inch.) At this point the electric spark explodes the gases—driving
the piston downward —thus producing the power which turns the crank-shaft.
On the next stroke upward the piston drives the exploded gas out through the
exhaust valve and pipe to the muffler. (See Cut No. 3.)
Connecting Rod
how removed? Answer No. 20
It is a steel rod, connecting piston and crank shaft. Should the babbitt bearing
become worn, or burned out through lack of oil, a knocking in the engine will
result —in which case the entire connecting rod should be replaced. To make
this replacement, (1) drain oil from crank case; (2) take off cylinder head;
(3) remove detachable plate on bottom of crank case; (4) disconnect connecting
rod from crank shaft; (5) take piston and rod out through top of cylinder.
Answer No. 19
What is the Valve Arrangement?
Answer No. 21
One intake and one exhaust valve are located in each cylinder. The former admits
the fresh gas drawn from the carburetor through the inlet pipe—the latter permits
the exploded gas to be driven out through the exhaust pipe. The valves are
alternately opened and closed (see Cut No. 3) by the cams on the cam shaft
striking against push rods which in turn lift the valves from their seats.
What about Valve timing?
Answer No. 22
In timing the engine the points of opening and closing of the valves are, of
course, what should be considered. As the valves are properly timed at the
factory when the engine is built the necessity for retiming would occur only
when such parts as the cam shaft, time gears or valves were removed in overhauling
the engine.
The time gears must mesh so that the tooth marked "Ford" on the small
time gear will come between the two teeth on the large gear at the point marked
zero (0). The time gears now being properly set, the exhaust valve on No. 1
cylinder is open and the intake valve closed, the other valves being in the
posi-
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